Session 59: Ystafell 11
Mapio a meddiannu – tirluniau’r dychymyg
Mapping and possession— landscapes and imagination

Chair: Tudur Hallam

Canolbwyntia’r papur cyntaf ar sut y meddiannir tir trwy gyfrwng darluniau o Frodorion o safbwynt ôl-drefedigaethol; tra bo’r ail yn yn ystyried sut y perchnogir naratifau’r teithiedig gan yr awduron Cymreig o safbwynt Celtigrwydd a’r trydydd yn dadansoddi’r berthynas rhwng pobl, tirwedd ac enwie it in the form of travel literature or literature that has revolves around land and geography. The three papers will consider questions on how writers possess a landscape or space in a textual way.

The first paper focuses on land is possessed through the portrayal of Native Peoples from a post-colonial standpoint: the second discusses how travel narratives are appropriated by Welsh authors from a Celticity standpoint whilst the third analyses the relationship between people, landscape and naming traditions.

Yn ‘wreiddiol Batagonaidd’: Y Cymry a’r brodorion mewn llenyddiaeth deithio Gymraeg am America Ladin
The ‘original Patagonians’ : the Welsh and native peoples in Welsh travel literature in Latin America

Elan Grug Muse
Prifysgol Abertawe

Bydd y papur hwn yn canolbwyntio ar bortreadau o lwythi brodorol Patagonia (Y Mapuche a’r Tehuelche) yng ngwaith Eluned Morgan (1870-1938) ac R Bryn Williams (1902-1981). Bydd yn canolbwyntio ar eu cyfrolau o lenyddiaeth deithio, sef Dringo’r Andes (1904) gan Morgan, a Crwydro Patagonia (1960) gan Williams.

Gan dynnu ar waith Geraldine Lublin ar theori trefedigaeth ymsefydlol (‘settler colonial theory’) yng nghyswllt llenyddiaith Wladfaol, byddaf yn archwilio i’r modd y mae awduron Gwladfaol a Chymreig yn darlunio’r brodorion yn eu gwaith. Ystyriaf sut mae'r angen i feddiannu’r Wladfa a chreu hunaniaeth Batagonaidd ddilys ar y naill law yn gwrthdaro â hunan-welediad fel grŵp lleiafrifol, sy’n sylfaenol wahanol i’r Sbaenwyr ymerodraethol.

This paper will focus on the portrayal of native tribes in Patagonia (the Mapuche and Tehuelche) in the work of Eluned Morgan (1870-1938) and R. Bryn Williams (1902-1981) and will discuss their volumes of travel writing Dringo’r Andes ‘Climbing the Andes’ (1904) by Morgan and Crwydro Patagonia ‘Roaming Patagonia’ by Williams.

By drawing on the work of Geraldine Lublin concerning settler colonial theory in the context of ‘Gwladfa’ literature, I will examine the ways that settlers and Welsh authors portray the native people in their work, and how their need to possess Patagonia and to create a valid Patagonian identity clashes with their self-identity as a minority group that is fundamentally different to the imperialist Spanish.

‘Tyda ni’m yn bod go iawn i’r rhain, mach i’: perchnogaeth yn naratifau'r Cymry am Lydaw
‘They don’t see us as real, dear’: ownership in Welsh narratives of Brittany

Llŷr Titus Hughes
Prifysgol Bangor

Bwriad y papur hwn yw trafod y portread o Lydaw a’i thrigolion yn yr ugeinfed ganrif, a sut y meddiannwyd agweddau ar Lydaw mewn naratifau Cymreig at ddibenion amrywiol (boed yn bersonol, yn wleidyddol neu grefyddol). Canolbwyntir ar dri llyfr taith — Tro yn Llydaw gan O. M. Edwards (1921) O Ben Tir Llydaw gan John Dyfnallt Owen (1937) a Pererindodau Ambrose Bebb (1941) — gan dynnu ar waith awduron eraill megis Robin Llywelyn, ffynhonnell y dyfyniad yn y teitl. Cymherir y rhain â gwaith Matthew Arnold a’i bortread o'r gwledydd Celtaidd, gan drafod y cymhlethdod sy'n perthyn i dueddiad rhai awduron i gyflwyno agweddau Arnoldaidd. Creir deuoliaeth amlwg wrth bortreadu'r Cymry mewn safle uwchraddol i’r Llydawyr tra ar yr un pryd yn pwysleisio cysylltiad brawdgarol, ‘Celtaidd’ sy'n deillio o’r syniad bod y ddau grwp yn yr un cwch lleiafrifol.

This paper will discuss the portrayal of Brittany and its people in the twentieth century and how some aspects of Breton life and culture were appropriated in Welsh narratives for various reasons, be they personal, political or religious. Three volumes of travel literature will be discussed: Tro yn Llydaw (Touring Brittany) by O. M. Edwards; O Ben Tir Llydaw (From the Edge of Brittany) by John Dyfnallt Owen and Pererinodau (Pilgrimages) by Ambrose Bebb. I will also draw from other works such as that of the novelist Robin Llywelyn, and comparisons will be drawn with the work of Matthew Arnold and his portrayal of Celtic countries. Complexities arise due to the tendency of the Wlesh authors to appropriate Arnoldian perspectives, and there is an obvious in portraying the Welsh in a more favourable light than the Bretons while maintaining the idea of a ‘Celtic’ brotherhood.

Y Gŵr Drwg a’i gartrefi yng Nghymru The Devil and his dwellings in Wales

G. Angharad Fychan
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Ceir nifer helaeth o enwau lleoedd ar hyd a lled Cymru, yn Gymraeg ac yn Saesneg, sy’n cynnwys elfennau megis uffern, diafol, diawl, satan, a’r gŵr drwg, a bwriad y papur hwn yw rhoi detholiad o’r enwau hynny o dan y chwyddwydr. Bydd y dystiolaeth wedi ei chasglu o amrediad eang o ffynonellau amrywiol megis Archif Enwau Lleoedd Melville Richards a chronfeydd enwau lleoedd eraill, mapiau print a llawysgrif (gan gynnwys y Mapiau Degwm), Llyfrau, Papurau Newydd, a Chylchgronau, heb anghofio pwysigrwydd y dystiolaeth a drosglwyddwyd o un genhedlaeth i’r llall ar lafar yn unig.

Bwriedir edrych yn fanwl ar nodweddion daearyddol y mannau dan sylw er mwyn sefydlu beth sy’n arbennig yn eu cylch a beth sy’n gyffredin rhyngddynt, gan edrych am gymariaethau mewn enwau lleoedd gwledydd eraill. Gobeithir archwilio’r coelion, traddodiadau, chwedlau gwerin, a’r straeon onomastig sy’n gysylltiedig ag amryw o’r enwau hyn, gan asesu a ydynt yn adlewyrchu traddodiadau a themâu a arddelir yn ehangach ar draws Ewrop. I orffen, bwriedir ystyried y gwahanol resymau posibl dros fabwysiadu enwau o’r fath am y lleoliadau yma. Ond fe ddaw’n amlwg bod rhai o’r enwau wedi eu benthyca neu eu trosglwyddo i’r mannau hyn o leoedd eraill sy’n nodedig am nodweddion tebyg.

 

There are many place-names across Wales, in both Welsh and English, containing elements such as uffern ‘hell’, diafol, diawl, satan, and gŵr drwg ‘devil’, and this paper will put a selection of these names under the microscope. The evidence has been collected from a wide range of sources such as the Melville Richards Place-Name Archive and other place-name databases, manuscript and printed maps (including the Tithe Maps), Books, Newspapers, and Journals, without forgetting the importance of material transferred orally from one generation to the next. The paper intends to examine the geographical features of these places closely in order to establish what is special about them and what features they may have in common, whilst also looking for comparisons with place-names in other countries. Beliefs, traditions, tales, and onomastic stories connected with a number of these names will be examined, assessing if they reflect traditions and themes recognized across Europe. To conclude, the different possible reasons for adopting such names will be considered. But it will become evident that some of them have been borrowed or transferred from other places noted for similar features.